| Authors: | R. Li, H. Dong, R. Cao, W. Bogaerts, Y. Ye | | Title: | Measurement-based building-block behavioral modeling of passive photonic circuits from magnitude-only responses | | Format: | International Journal | | Publication date: | 6/2026 | | Journal/Conference/Book: | Photonics Research
| | Volume(Issue): | 14 p.3037-3049 | | DOI: | 10.1364/PRJ.591233 | | Citations: | Look up on Google Scholar
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Abstract
Accurate frequency-domain characterization is essential for reliable modeling of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). In practice, PIC measurements are often performed using a tunable laser and an optical power meter, providing only magnitude responses and no phase information, which hinders the construction of physically consistent frequency- and time-domain models. This paper presents a robust approach that directly constructs rational models from magnitude-only frequency responses, ensuring that the resulting models share the same magnitude response as the PIC under study. Unlike existing methods based on magnitude-squared fitting and spectral factorization, which are frequently degraded by imaginary-axis zeros, the proposed method synthesizes a minimum-phase realization by explicitly handling these zeros. The synthesized phase is not the true physical phase; however, it is consistent with the Kramers–Kronig relations corresponding to the given magnitude response, thereby enabling the direct use of standard S-parameter approximation techniques to generate rational behavioral models. The resulting models can be applied to modulated signal transmission simulations in wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) telecommunication scenarios. Related Research Topics
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